If <vx, vy> is a vector between two points, then <-vy, vx> and <vy, -vx> are perpendicular vectors of the same length. If you add and subtract these vectors from the original one, you get new vectors that make a 45 degree angle with the original one. You can use those vectors to make arrow heads and fletchings.

The DrawArrowhead method shown in the following code draws a pair of vectors at a 45 degree angle from a vector. The DrawArrow method described next uses it to draw arrow heads and tails.

// Draw an arrowhead at the given point
// in the normalized direction <nx, ny>.
private void DrawArrowhead(Graphics gr, Pen pen,
    PointF p, float nx, float ny, float length)
{
    float ax = length * (-ny - nx);
    float ay = length * (nx - ny);
    PointF[] points =
    {
        new PointF(p.X + ax, p.Y + ay),
        p,
        new PointF(p.X - ay, p.Y + ax)
    };
    gr.DrawLines(pen, points);
}

The DrawArrow method shown in the following code draws a line with arrow heads or fletchings on the ends. It draws the line and then finds a vector of length 1 in the direction of the line. It then uses the DrawArrowhead method to draw arrowheads and fletchings appropriately.

// Draw arrow heads or tails for the
// segment from p1 to p2.
private void DrawArrow(Graphics gr, Pen pen, PointF p1, PointF p2,
    float length, EndpointStyle style1, EndpointStyle style2)
{
    // Draw the shaft.
    gr.DrawLine(pen, p1, p2);

    // Find the arrow shaft unit vector.
    float vx = p2.X - p1.X;
    float vy = p2.Y - p1.Y;
    float dist = (float)Math.Sqrt(vx * vx + vy * vy);
    vx /= dist;
    vy /= dist;

    // Draw the start.
    if (style1 == EndpointStyle.ArrowHead)
    {
        DrawArrowhead(gr, pen, p1, -vx, -vy, length);
    }
    else if (style1 == EndpointStyle.Fletching)
    {
        DrawArrowhead(gr, pen, p1, vx, vy, length);
    }

    // Draw the end.
    if (style2 == EndpointStyle.ArrowHead)
    {
        DrawArrowhead(gr, pen, p2, vx, vy, length);
    }
    else if (style2 == EndpointStyle.Fletching)
    {
        DrawArrowhead(gr, pen, p2, -vx, -vy, length);
    }
}